ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ހެދިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު
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މިއީ ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ތަޤްސީމު ކުރެވިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓެކެވެ.
ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު
ނަން | ދުސްތޫރީ ބިންގާ | ދައުލަތުގެ ވެރިޔާ | އިދާރީ އޮނިގަނޑު |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Bahamas | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Bahrain | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Barbados | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Belarus | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Belize | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Benin | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Bolivia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Botswana | Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Brunei | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Bulgaria | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Burkina Faso | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Burundi | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Cambodia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Canada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Cape Verde | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Central African Republic | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Chad | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Chile | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data China, People's Republic of | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data China, Republic of | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Colombia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Comoros | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Congo, Republic of the | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Costa Rica | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Croatia | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Cuba | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Cyprus | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Czech Republic | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Denmark | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Djibouti | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Dominica | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Dominican Republic | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data East Timor | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Ecuador | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Egypt | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data El Salvador | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Equatorial Guinea | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Eritrea | Republic | No constitutional basis to current regime | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Estonia | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Ethiopia | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Fiji | Republic | No constitutional basis to current regime | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Finland | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Gabon | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Gambia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Georgia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Grenada | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Guatemala | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Guinea | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Guinea-Bissau | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Guyana | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Haiti | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Iceland | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Iraq | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Ireland | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Israel | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Jamaica | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Japan | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Jordan | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Kazakhstan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Kenya | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Kiribati | Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Korea, North | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Korea, South | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Kuwait | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Kyrgyzstan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Laos | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Latvia | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Lebanon | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Lesotho | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Liberia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Libya | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Liechtenstein | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Lithuania | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Luxembourg | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Macedonia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Madagascar | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Malawi | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Malaysia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Mali | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Malta | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Marshall Islands | Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Mauritania | Republic | No constitutional basis to current regime | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Mauritius | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Micronesia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Moldova | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Monaco | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Mongolia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Montenegro | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Morocco | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Mozambique | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Myanmar | Republic | No constitutional basis to current regime | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Namibia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Nauru | Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Nicaragua | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Niger | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Norway | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Oman | Absolute monarchy | ||
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Palau | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Panama | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Papua New Guinea | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Peru | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Philippines | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Poland | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Qatar | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Romania | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Russia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Rwanda | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Saint Lucia | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Samoa | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data San Marino | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Saudi Arabia | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Senegal | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Seychelles | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Sierra Leone | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Singapore | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Solomon Islands | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Somalia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
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Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Sudan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Suriname | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Swaziland | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Sweden | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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Republic | Executive | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Syria | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Tajikistan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Tanzania | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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Constitutional monarchy | No constitutional basis to current regime | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Togo | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Tonga | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Trinidad and Tobago | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Tunisia | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Turkey | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Turkmenistan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Tuvalu | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Uganda | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Ukraine | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data United Arab Emirates | Constitutional monarchy | Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data United Kingdom | Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
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ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Uzbekistan | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Vanuatu | Republic | Ceremonial | Parliamentary |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Vatican City | Absolute monarchy | ||
ފަންވަތް:Country data Venezuela | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Vietnam | Republic | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement | |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Yemen | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Western Sahara | Republic | Executive | Semi-Presidential |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Zambia | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
ފަންވަތް:Country data Zimbabwe | ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ | އިދާރީ | ރިޔާސީ |
Systems of Governance
Presidential / Separated republics
These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:
Full presidential systems
In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.
Semi-presidential systems
In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.
Parliamentary republics
A Parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The Presidents degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the President holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.
Mixed Republican Systems
Constitutional monarchies
Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.
Commonwealth realms
Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.
Semi-constitutional monarchies
The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.
Absolute monarchies
Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.
Theocracies
States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.
- Iran [1] (to some degree)
- the Holy See (Vatican City)
One-party states
States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments.
Military junta states
The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.
Transitional
States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)
- Somalia (toward semi-presidential republic)
- Sudan (bipartisan Government of National Unity)
- Palestinian Authority (toward semi-presidential republic)
- Thailand (toward constitutional monarchy)
- Nepal (toward constitutional monarchy or parliamentary republic)
- Iraq (toward parliamentary republic)
- Eritrea (Towards presidential republic)
Systems of Internal Governance
Federal
States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.
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Devolved
States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.
- Spain (17 autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
- United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales; England remains under full control of the central government)
Regionalized unitary
States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.
- Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).
- Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
- New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)
- People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)
- Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'autonomous' status)
Federacy
A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.
- Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 5 regions;
- Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;
- The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.
- France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer
- Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Vojvodina; Kosovo-Metohija under UN protectorate, future status being negotiated.
- Ukraine, 24 oblasts, 2 special-status cities, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
- Tanzania, 21 mainland regions, 5 regions under autonomous government of Zanzibar
Unitary
see Unitary state
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage; and a theocracy, with a Supreme Leader who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen by the elected Assembly of Experts. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed Guardian Council.
- ↑ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
- ↑ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
- ↑ Collective (3 member) presidency.
- ↑ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
- ↑ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
- ↑ The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile, located in Tindouf, Algeria. Most of the territory of Western Sahara is under military occupation by Morocco; the rest is administered by the SADR.
- ↑ In Bangladesh, a Caretaker government takes over for three months during parliamentary elections. The Caretaker government is headed by a Chief advisor (the last Chief Justice to retire), and a group of neutral, non-partisan advisors chosen from the civil society. During this time, the president has jurisdiction over the Ministry of defense and the Ministry of foreign affairs.
- ↑ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
- ↑ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
- ↑ There is neither a prime minister nor a president of Switzerland. The President of the Swiss Confederation is merely primus inter pares in the Swiss Federal Council, the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland.
- ↑ Collective presidency (2 captains-regents). Captains-regents are both Head of State and Government simultaneously.
- ↑ Bishop of Urgell and President of France serve as ex-officio co-princes
- ↑ The King of Nepal gave himself absolute authority for three years in 2005; he has given up absolute power on April 21, 2006, but constitutional government has not yet resumed
- ↑ Bhutan is in the process of democratization by request of the king.
- ↑ UAE is a federation of absolute monarchies, with the federal president drawn from hereditary emirs
- ↑ The President of Fiji is the actual leader who on 4 December 2006 dissolved the parliament without the prime minister's consent, thereby setting the stage for a coup by the military commander.
See also
- List of forms of government
- List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government
External links
- Global Scan- Election Tracker
- Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century
- [1] A Chronology of political history based on Government form
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