ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ހެދިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު

Some of the information in this article may not be verified by reliable sources. It should be checked for inaccuracies and modified to cite reliable sources.

މިއީ ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ތަޤްސީމު ކުރެވިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓެކެވެ.

ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު

ނަން	ދުސްތޫރީ ބިންގާ	ދައުލަތުގެ ވެރިޔާ	އިދާރީ އޮނިގަނޑު
އަފްޣާނިސްތާން	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Albania	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Algeria	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Andorra	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Angola	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Antigua and Barbuda	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Argentina	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Armenia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Australia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Austria	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Azerbaijan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Bahamas	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Bahrain	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Bangladesh	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Barbados	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Belarus	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Belgium	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Belize	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Benin	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Bhutan	Absolute monarchy
Bolivia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Botswana	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Brazil	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Brunei	Absolute monarchy
Bulgaria	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Burkina Faso	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Burundi	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Cambodia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cameroon	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Canada	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cape Verde	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Central African Republic	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Chad	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Chile	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
ފަންވަތް:Country data China, People's Republic of	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
ފަންވަތް:Country data China, Republic of	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Colombia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Comoros	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
ފަންވަތް:Country data Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
ފަންވަތް:Country data Congo, Republic of the	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Costa Rica	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Côte d'Ivoire	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Croatia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cuba	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Cyprus	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Czech Republic	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Denmark	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Djibouti	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Dominica	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Dominican Republic	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
East Timor	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ecuador	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Egypt	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
El Salvador	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Equatorial Guinea	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Eritrea	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Estonia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ethiopia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Fiji	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Finland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
France	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Gabon	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Gambia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Georgia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Germany	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ghana	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Greece	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Grenada	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Guatemala	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Guinea	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Guinea-Bissau	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Guyana	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Haiti	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Honduras	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Hungary	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Iceland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
India	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Indonesia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Iran	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Iraq	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
ފަންވަތް:Country data Ireland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Israel	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Italy	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Jamaica	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Japan	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Jordan	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Kazakhstan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Kenya	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Kiribati	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
ފަންވަތް:Country data Korea, North	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
ފަންވަތް:Country data Korea, South	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Kuwait	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Kyrgyzstan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Laos	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Latvia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Lebanon	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Lesotho	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Liberia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Libya	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Liechtenstein	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Lithuania	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Luxembourg	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
ފަންވަތް:Country data Macedonia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Madagascar	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Malawi	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Malaysia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Maldives	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Mali	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Malta	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Marshall Islands	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Mauritania	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Mauritius	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Mexico	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
ފަންވަތް:Country data Micronesia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Moldova	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Monaco	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Mongolia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Montenegro	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Morocco	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Mozambique	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Myanmar	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Namibia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Nauru	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Nepal	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Netherlands	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
New Zealand	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Nicaragua	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Niger	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Nigeria	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Norway	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Oman	Absolute monarchy
Pakistan	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Palau	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Panama	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Papua New Guinea	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Paraguay	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Peru	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Philippines	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Poland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Portugal	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Qatar	Absolute monarchy
Romania	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Russia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Rwanda	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Saint Lucia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Samoa	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
San Marino	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
ފަންވަތް:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Saudi Arabia	Absolute monarchy
Senegal	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Serbia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Seychelles	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Sierra Leone	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Singapore	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Slovakia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Slovenia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Solomon Islands	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Somalia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
South Africa	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Spain	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Sri Lanka	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Sudan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Suriname	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Swaziland	Absolute monarchy
Sweden	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Switzerland	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Syria	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Tajikistan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Tanzania	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
{{{shortname alias}}} | border	Constitutional monarchy	No constitutional basis to current regime
Togo	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Tonga	Absolute monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Tunisia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Turkey	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Turkmenistan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Tuvalu	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Uganda	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Ukraine	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
United Arab Emirates	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
United Kingdom	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
United States	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Uruguay	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Uzbekistan	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Vanuatu	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Vatican City	Absolute monarchy
Venezuela	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Vietnam	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Yemen	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Western Sahara	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Zambia	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ
Zimbabwe	ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ	އިދާރީ	ރިޔާސީ

Systems of Governance

Presidential / Separated republics

These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Afghanistan Argentina Benin Bolivia Brazil Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Chile Colombia Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Costa Rica

Côte d'Ivoire Cyprus Djibouti Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Honduras

Indonesia Iran (to some degree) Kenya Kiribati Liberia Madagascar Malawi Maldives Marshall Islands Mexico Federated States of Micronesia Nauru Nicaragua Nigeria Palau Panama

Paraguay Philippines Rwanda Seychelles Sierra Leone Sudan Suriname Tanzania Togo Tunisia Turkmenistan Uganda United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Zambia Zimbabwe

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.

Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Burkina Faso Cape Verde Egypt France Georgia Guyana Haiti Kazakhstan

Republic of Korea Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Mali Moldova Mongolia Mozambique Namibia Niger Pakistan Peru Romania

Russia São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Serbia Sri Lanka Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Western Sahara Yemen

Parliamentary republics

A Parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The Presidents degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the President holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

Albania Austria Bangladesh Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Dominica East Timor Estonia

Ethiopia Finland Germany Greece Hungary Iceland India Iraq Ireland

Israel Italy Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Malta Mauritius Mauritania Montenegro Poland

Portugal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Trinidad and Tobago Turkey Vanuatu

Mixed Republican Systems

• Botswana
• South Africa
• Switzerland
• San Marino

Constitutional monarchies

Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

Andorra Belgium Cambodia Denmark Japan Lesotho Luxembourg

Malaysia Netherlands Norway Samoa Spain Sweden

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Antigua and Barbuda Australia The Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica

New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.

Bahrain Jordan Kuwait Liechtenstein

Monaco Morocco Nepal

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

Bhutan Brunei Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia

Swaziland Tonga United Arab Emirates Vatican City State

Theocracies

States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

• Iran (to some degree)
• the Holy See (Vatican City)

One-party states

States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments.

People's Republic of China (Communist Party) (list) Cuba (Communist Party) (list) Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Workers' Party) (list) Laos (Revolutionary Party) (list) Syria (Arab Socialist Ba'th Party) (list) Turkmenistan (Democratic Party) (list) Vietnam (Communist Party) (list)

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

• Fiji (until 2010)
• Libya
• Myanmar

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)

• Somalia (toward semi-presidential republic)
• Sudan (bipartisan Government of National Unity)
• Palestinian Authority (toward semi-presidential republic)
• Thailand (toward constitutional monarchy)
• Nepal (toward constitutional monarchy or parliamentary republic)
• Iraq (toward parliamentary republic)
• Eritrea (Towards presidential republic)

Systems of Internal Governance

Federal

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

Argentina (23 provinces and 1 autonomous city) Australia (6 states and 2 territories) Austria (9 states) Belgium (Flanders/Flemish Region and Wallonia/Walloon Region) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska) Brazil (26 states and 1 federal district) Canada (10 provinces and 3 territories) Comoros (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli) Ethiopia (9 regions and 2 chartered cities) Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap) Germany (16 states) India (28 states and 7 union territories) Malaysia (13 states and 3 federal territories)

Mexico (31 states and 1 federal district) Nigeria (36 states) Pakistan (4 provinces and 2 territories) Palau (16 states) Papua New Guinea (20 provinces) Russia (49 oblasts, 21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs, 6 krays, 2 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast) Saint Kitts and Nevis South Africa (9 provinces) Switzerland (26 cantons) United Arab Emirates (7 emirates) United States (50 states, one District, two Commonwealths, and 12 Territories) Venezuela (23 states and 1 capital district)

Devolved

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.

• Spain (17 autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
• United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales; England remains under full control of the central government)

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.

• Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).
• Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
• New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)
• People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)
• Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'autonomous' status)

Federacy

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.

• Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 5 regions;
• Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;
• The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.
• France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer
• Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Vojvodina; Kosovo-Metohija under UN protectorate, future status being negotiated.
• Ukraine, 24 oblasts, 2 special-status cities, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
• Tanzania, 21 mainland regions, 5 regions under autonomous government of Zanzibar

Unitary

see Unitary state

See also

• List of forms of government
• List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government

External links

• Global Scan- Election Tracker
• Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century
• [1] A Chronology of political history based on Government form